Types of welding: autogenous and brazing

Types of welding

Let us first clarify what welding is. It is the operation by which homogenous or heterogeneous parts are joined. It simply establishes the continuity of materials through the action of heat. This is either accompanied by a mechanical action of pressure or not. Let us see in this article the two types of welding.

Index:

Main types of welding

There are many types, but the most commonly used are autogenous welding and brazing.

Autogenous welding

The joining of parts is achieved by fusion.
This causes the solidification of the edges, with or without the interposition of filler metal. A further distinction must be made between fusion welding:

  • Autogenous submerged arc welding: this is fusion welding using a heat source of a thermoelectric nature. The heat in the fusion zone is obtained with the arc. This is placed between the parts to be welded and the filler metal, called an electrode. It is part of an electrical circuit to which energy is supplied by a machine, the welding machine. 
  • Oxyacetylene Welding: this is also fusion welding. – The heat source is an oxyacetylene flame. This works by burning acetylene with oxygen. 
  • Electric welding: this is a type of autogenous pressure welding. Its heat source for joining materials comes from heat given by the Joule effect: the two elements to be welded are joined by copper electrodes and cooled by circulating water.
  • Aluminothermic welding: this is also fusion welding. It uses the heat given off by an exothermic reaction as the heat source. 

Pressure welding

The joining of workpieces is achieved by exerting mechanical pressure on the workpieces to be joined, which is necessary to make the joint of the workpieces become pasty, without the use of filler metal.

Types of welding: brazing

Brazing is a type of welding, it is used to join metal parts, even of different materials. In contrast to autogenous welding, a filler metal is required and there is no need for fusion between the pieces to be assembled. Here too, a further distinction can be made between:

  • Brazing: used in joining work and is similar to fusion welding;
  • Capillary brazing: uses preparations that form capillary meatuses within which the filler metal or brazing alloy penetrates by capillary action.

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